Understanding Child Labor Laws in the United States

What is Child Labor?

Child labor refers to the employment of minors, typically under the age of 18, in occupations that are detrimental to their health, safety, or well-being. In the United States, child labor laws aim to protect young workers from exploitation and ensure they have access to education and other essential services.

The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) is a federal law that sets minimum age requirements for employment and prohibits the employment of minors in certain industries, such as manufacturing, mining, and agriculture. Additionally, many states have their own child labor laws that provide more stringent protections than federal regulations.

Prohibited Occupations for Minors

Under the FLSA, certain occupations are prohibited for minors due to their inherent dangers or potential harm. These include manufacturing, mining, and agriculture, as well as any occupation that involves hazardous materials, heavy machinery, or other safety risks.

Additionally, minors are not permitted to work in occupations that involve exposure to harmful chemicals, radiation, or other environmental hazards. Employers who violate these provisions can face severe penalties, including fines and imprisonment.

Enforcing Child Labor Laws

The U.S. Department of Labor's Wage and Hour Division (WHD) is responsible for enforcing child labor laws, including conducting investigations and inspections to ensure compliance with federal regulations.

Employers who violate child labor laws can face penalties, including fines and imprisonment. Additionally, the WHD provides resources and support to help employers understand their obligations under these laws.